E84 Students' Perceptions of Learning Across Virtual Reality Environments (Short paper) Table 1. Estimated Marginal Means and Pairwise Comparisons for Main Effects Technology Type Student Age Group Outcome DVR IR VR 9-1213-14 15-16 M (SE) M (SE) M (SE) Post Hoc (Bonferroni) M (SE) M (SE) M (SE) Post Hoc (Bonferroni) Immersion 4.17 (.22) 2.72 (.25) 3.99 (.15) IR<DVR***, IR < VR*** 3.47 (.17) 3.82 (.13) 3.29 (.19) ns Cognitive 5.20 (.21) 3.23 (.23) 4.03 (.14) IR&VR < DVR* **, IR < VR** 3.69 (.16) 4.42 (.12) 3.93 (.18) 9-12 < 1214 ** Emotional 5.24 (.23) 4.13 (.26) 4.17 (.16) IR < DVR* 4.32 (.18) 4.92 (.13) 4.65 (.20) 9-12 < 12-14* Social 5.30 (.24) 3.74 (.27) 4.55 (.16) IR < DVR** & VR** 4.23 (.18) 4.84 (.14) 4.12 (.21) 9-12 & 14-16 < 12-14 * Note: means adjusted for teacher experience (M = 2.36) Technology × Age Interaction Table 2 presents the Technology × Age estimated marginal means, illustrating how the effectiveness of each technology varies across developmental groups. Table 2. Technology × Age Group Interaction: Estimated Marginal Means Outcome Age Group DVR IR VR M (SE) M (SE) M (SE) Immersion 9-12 4.23 (.23) 2.02 (.46) 4.16 (.27) 12-14 4.10 (.27) 3.31 (.19) 4.04 (.32) 14-16 - ᵃ 2.84 (.35) 3.75 (.19) Cognitive 9-12 5.07 (.21) 1.74 (.43) 4.26 (.25) 12-14 5.33 (.25) 3.99 (.17) 3.93 (.29) 14-16 - ᵃ 3.97 (.33) 3.90 (.17) Emotional 9-12 5.19 (.24) 2.88 (.48) 4.89 (.28) 12-14 5.29 (.28) 4.64 (.19) 4.83 (.33) 14-16 - ᵃ 4.87 (.37) 4.43 (.19) Social 9-12 5.25 (.25) 2.58 (.50) 4.85 (.29) 12-14 5.34 (.30) 4.50 (.20) 4.69 (.34) 14-16 - ᵃ 4.13 (.38) 4.11 (.20) Note. ᵃ No participants in the DVR/14-16 age group combination; means not estimable for this cell.
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